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Cultural Achievements Under the Umayyads: A Guide for CSS & PMS

The Umayyad period, which lasted from 660 to 749 CE, was one of the most influential phases in early Islamic history. Although the Umayyads are…

Society and the Development of Arabic Literature Under the Umayyad Rule

Arabic literature underwent a major transformation during the Umayyad period. The dynasty ruled from 660 to 749 CE and expanded the Muslim empire across three…

Statecraft and Administration under the Umayyads: Governance, Reforms, and Institutions

The Umayyad Dynasty (660–749 CE) played one of the most important roles in shaping early Islamic governance. After the period of the Rightly Guided Caliphs,…

Political History of the Umayyad Dynasty: Rise, Rule, and Legacy

The Umayyad Dynasty (660–749 CE) was the first great Muslim empire after the period of the Rightly Guided Caliphs. It transformed the Islamic state from…

Step-by-Step Checklist Before Filing Your Income Tax Return

Admin
November 28, 2025
Income Tax

Filing your income tax return can feel confusing, especially with FBR’s new auto-updated system. While many details now appear automatically, it’s still important to review…

FBR’s Auto-Updates in Your Tax Return: Everything You Need to Know (Full Guide)

Admin
November 28, 2025
Income Tax

Filing income tax returns in Pakistan has always felt complicated for many people — especially when it comes to collecting salary slips, bank statements, withholding…