A Critical Look at Sufism
Sufism is one of the most influential institutions in Muslim history. It shaped spirituality, social life, culture, and ethics across the Islamic world. Many people…
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Relationship of the Sufis with the State and Political Authorities
Sufism became a powerful spiritual and social institution in the Muslim world. Over time, Sufis developed a unique relationship with rulers, governors, and political authorities.…
Contribution of the Sufis to Muslim Civilization
Sufism played a major role in shaping the spiritual, cultural, social, and political life of the Muslim world. From the early centuries of Islam, Sufis…
Origin and Development of Sufism
Sufism, also known as Tasawwuf, refers to the spiritual and mystical dimension of Islam. It emphasizes purification of the heart, nearness to Allah, and love…
Cultural, Artistic, and Architectural Contributions of the Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (1299–1922) was not only a powerful political and military force but also a magnificent cultural civilization. Its achievements in architecture, arts, literature,…
Treatment of Religious Minorities under the Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire ruled a vast and diverse population for more than six centuries. Muslims, Christians, Jews, Armenians, Greeks, Arabs, Kurds, Slavs, and many other…
State, Society, and Economy under the Ottomans (1299–1922)
The Ottoman Empire was one of the longest-lasting and most influential empires in world history. At its height, it ruled three continents and controlled diverse…
Major Encounters and Actors (1299–1520): Early Ottoman Expansion Explained
The story of the early Ottoman Empire is a story of small beginnings, bold leadership, and strategic victories. Between 1299 and 1520, the Ottomans moved…
The Punjab Motor Vehicles (Fourth Amendment) Ordinance 2025
The streets of Punjab are getting a significant safety upgrade. The Government of the Punjab has recently introduced a major legislative change: the Provincial Motor…
Impact of the Crusades on Muslim-Christian Relations
The Crusades were not only military campaigns. They were long encounters between two major civilizations—Muslims and Christians. These wars took place across the 11th to…