Spain under the Rule of Arabs and Moors (711–1492)
The Muslim rule in Spain, also known as Al-Andalus, began in 711 and lasted until 1492. For almost eight centuries, Spain became one of the…
The Muslim rule in Spain, also known as Al-Andalus, began in 711 and lasted until 1492. For almost eight centuries, Spain became one of the…

Filing your income tax return is now a legal requirement for all salaried individuals in Pakistan earning above the taxable limit. For Tax Year 2026,…
The Abbasid Dynasty (749–1258) is widely remembered as the golden age of Islamic civilization. During this period, the Muslim world became a global center of…
The Abbasid period (749–1258) is often described as the golden age of intellectual activity in the Islamic world. During this era, Muslim philosophy reached new…
The Abbasid Dynasty (749–1258) is remembered as the golden age of intellectual and scientific growth in the Muslim world. Baghdad became a global center of…
The Abbasid Dynasty (749–1258) built one of the most organized and sophisticated administrations in medieval history. Their structure combined Islamic principles with Persian, Byzantine, and…
The Abbasid Revolution was one of the most transformative events in Islamic history. It changed the structure of the Muslim empire, altered political leadership, and…
The Umayyad period, which lasted from 660 to 749 CE, was one of the most influential phases in early Islamic history. Although the Umayyads are…
Arabic literature underwent a major transformation during the Umayyad period. The dynasty ruled from 660 to 749 CE and expanded the Muslim empire across three…
The Umayyad Dynasty (660–749 CE) played one of the most important roles in shaping early Islamic governance. After the period of the Rightly Guided Caliphs,…