In the US, there is not a single National ID card like in the majority of the world, but there are multiple official documents which citizens use as primary identification. Americans use different documents to prove identity and citizenship, the most common of which are state-issued driver’s licenses and ID cards. These are documents to travel, for banking, work, and everyday needs, including state driver’s licenses, ID cards, the federally mandated REAL ID, and U.S. passport cards.
With the REAL ID deadline approaching in May 2025, it’s extremely important to understand which type of identification you require. These cards are now the usual form of identification for activities like the purchase of alcohol, opening bank accounts, and traveling on domestic flights. In this guide, I will discuss the primary identification documents in the US, what you require for them, and how they play a role in a national ID system.
The REAL ID Act and Its Implications
The REAL ID Act was enacted into law in 2005 following the September 11 attacks. It established national standards for the production of driver’s licenses and ID cards. It was intended to make the nation more secure by establishing minimum standards that the states’ IDs would need to comply with in order to be utilized for federal purposes, such as entering federal buildings and boarding airplanes.
Beginning May 7, 2025, individuals will need to possess a REAL ID-acceptable driver’s license or some other accepted credential, such as a U.S. passport, to board a commercial flight within the United States. The date has been rescheduled a time or two, but it’s arriving shortly.
Obtaining a REAL ID-Compliant Document
To acquire a REAL ID-compliant driver’s license or identification card, applicants must visit their state’s driver’s licensing agency and present the following documentation:
- Proof of Identity: This can be a valid U.S. passport or a certified copy of a birth certificate.
- Social Security Number: Applicants must provide their Social Security card or another document that verifies their SSN.
- Proof of Residency: Two documents showing the applicant’s principal residence, such as utility bills or lease agreements, are required.
- Proof of Lawful Status: Documentation that confirms U.S. citizenship or lawful status in the country.
It’s essential to check with your state’s licensing agency for specific requirements, as they can vary slightly between states.
Fees Associated with REAL ID
The cost of a REAL ID-compliant driver’s license or ID card depends on the state. The cost is generally the same as that of a standard driver’s license or ID card, but some states charge extra. For the most accurate information, you are encouraged to contact your state driver’s licensing agency.
The U.S. Passport Card
If you require a government-issued ID, the U.S. Department of State offers the U.S. Passport Card. The card is voluntary and may be used to establish your identity and for travel by U.S. nationals and citizens. It is not accepted for international air travel, but it is accepted for land and sea travel in North America and for domestic air travel within the United States.
Requirements for a U.S. Passport Card
- Proof of U.S. Citizenship: Such as a certified birth certificate or a previous U.S. passport.
- Proof of Identity: A valid driver’s license or another government-issued photo ID.
- Recent Passport Photo: One color photograph meeting the Department of State’s specifications.
Fees for the U.S. Passport Card
If you are applying for the first time:
- Adults (16 and older): $65 ($30 application fee + $35 execution fee)
- Minors (under 16): $50 ($15 application fee + $35 execution fee)
If you are applying for renewal then:
- Adults only: $30 (execution fee not required)
Both the passport book and the passport card are valid for 10 years for adults and 5 years for minors under 16.
Final Remarks
Although the United States does not have a single National Identity Card, state-issued driver’s licenses, identification cards, and the U.S. Passport Card are used as primary identification documents. With the enforcement of the REAL ID Act on May 7, 2025, citizens need to make sure they have a REAL ID-compliant document or another acceptable form of identification to prevent inconvenience in activities such as domestic air travel. Being aware of the requirements and costs of these identification documents will ensure a seamless transition as these federal regulations are implemented.
