Essay on “Human Rights in Islam” for CSS, PMS and Judiciary Examination

This is an essay on “Human Rights in Islam” for CSS, PMS, and Judiciary exams. So, this is a complete Essay on “Human Rights in Islam” for preparing for CSS, PMS, and All Judiciary examinations.

Essay on “Human Rights in Islam”

Islam provides many human rights for the individual. The life and property of all citizens in an Islamic state are considered sacred, whether a person is Muslim or not. Islam also protects honor. So, in Islam, insulting others or making fun of them is not allowed. The Prophet Muhammad said: Truly your blood, your property, and your honor are inviolable.
Racism is not allowed in Islam, for the Qur’an speaks of human equality in the following terms:
O mankind, we have created you from a male and a female and have made you into nations and tribes for you to know one another. Truly, the noblest of you with God is the most pious. Truly, God is All-Knowing, All-Aware. (Qur’an, 49:13)
Islam rejects certain individuals or nations being favored because of their wealth, power, or race. God created human beings as equals who are to be distinguished from each other only on the basis of their faith and piety. The Prophet Muhammad said: (O people! Your God is one and your forefather (Adam) is one. An Arab is not better than a non-Arab and a non-Arab is not better than an Arab, and a red (i.e. white tinged with red) person is not better than a black person and a black person is not better than a red person, except in piety).
One of the major problems facing · mankind today is racism. The developed world can send a man to the moon but cannot stop a man from hating and fighting his fellow man. Ever since the days of the Prophet Muhammad, Islam has provided a vivid example of how racism can be ended. The annual pilgrimage (Hajj) to Makkah shows the real Islamic brotherhood of all races and nations when about two million Muslims from all over the world come to Makkah to perform the pilgrimage.
Reaffirming the civilizing and historical role of the Islamic Ummah which Allah made as to the best community and which gave humanity a universal and well-balanced civilization, in which harmony is established between hereunder and the hereafter, knowledge is combined with faith, and to fulfill the expectations from this community to guide all humanity which is confused because of different and conflicting beliefs and ideologies and to provide solutions for all chronic problems of this materialistic civilization.
In contribution to the efforts of mankind to assert human rights, to protect man from exploitation and persecution, and to affirm his freedom and right to a dignified life in accordance with
the Islamic Shariah.
Convinced that mankind which has reached an advanced stage in materialistic science is still, and shall remain, in dire need of faith to support its civilization as well as a  self-motivating force to guard its rights;
Believing that fundamental rights and freedoms according to Islam are an integral part of the Islamic religion and that no one shall have the right as a matter of principle to abolish them either in whole or in part or to violate or ignore them in as · much as they are binding divine commands, which are contained in the Revealed Books of Allah and which were sent through the last of His Prophets to complete the preceding divine messages and that safeguarding those fundamental rights and freedoms is an act of worship whereas the neglect or violation thereof is an abominable sin, and that the safeguarding of those fundamental rights and freedom is an individual responsibility of every person and collective responsibility of the entire Unimah.
  1. All human beings form one family whose members are united by submission to God and descent from Adam. All men are equal in terms of basic human dignity and basic obligations and responsibilities, without any discrimination on the grounds of race, color, language, sex, religious belief, political affiliation, social status, or other considerations. True faith is the guarantee for enhancing such dignity along the path to human perfection.
  2. All human beings are God’s subjects, and the most loved by Him are those who are most useful to the rest of His subjects, and no one has superiority over another except on the basis of piety and good deeds.
  3.  Life is a God-given gift and the right to life is guaranteed to every human being. It is the duty of individuals, societies, and states to protect this right from any violation, al”d it is prohibited to take away life except for a Shari’ah-prescribed reason.
  4.  It is forbidden to resort to such means as may result in the genocidal annihilation of mankind.
  5. The preservation of human life throughout the term of time willed by God is a duty prescribed by Shari’ah.
  6. Safety from bodily harm is a guaranteed right. It is the duty of the state to safeguard it, and it is prohibited to breach it without a Shari’ah-prescribed reason.
  7. In the event of the use of force and in case of armed conflict, it is not permissible to kill non-belligerents such as old men, women, and children. The wounded and the sick shall have the right to medical treatment; and prisoners of war shall have the right to be fed, sheltered, and clothed. It is prohibited to mutilate dead bodies. It is a duty to exchange prisoners of war and to arrange visits
    or reunions of the families separated by the circumstances of war.
  8. It is prohibited to fell trees, damage crops or livestock,  and destroy the enemy’s civilian buildings and installations by shelling, blasting, or any other means.
  9. Every human being is entitled to inviolability and the protection of his good name and honor during his life and after his· death. The state and society shall protect his remains and burial place.
  10. The family is the foundation of society, and marriage is the basis of its formation. Men and women have the right to marriage, and no restrictions stemming from race, color, or nationality shall prevent them from enjoying this right.
  11. Society and the State shall remove all obstacles to marriage and shall facilitate the marital procedure. They shall ensure family protection and welfare.
  12. The woman is equal to man in human dignity, and has rights to enjoy as well as duties to perform; she has her own civil entity and financial independence, and the right to retain her name and lineage.
  13. The husband is responsible for the support and welfare of the family.
  14. As of the moment of birth, every child has rights due from the parents, society and the state to be accorded proper nursing, education, and material, hygienic and moral care. Both the fetus and the mother must be protected and accorded special care.
  15. Parents and those in such like capacity have the right to choose the type of education they desire for their children, provided they take into consideration the interest and future of the children in accordance with ethical values and the principles of the Shariah.
  16. Both parents are entitled to certain rights from their children, and relatives are entitled to rights from their kin, in accordance with the tenets of the Shariah.
  17. Every human being has the right to enjoy his legal capacity in terms of both obligation and commitment. Should this capacity be lost or impaired, he shall be represented by his guardian.
  18. The quest for knowledge is an obligation, and the provision of education is a duty for society and the State. The State shall ensure the availability of ways and means to acquire education and shall guarantee educational diversity in the interest of society so as to enable man to be acquainted with the religion of Islam and the facts of the Universe for the benefit of mankind.
  19. Every human being has the right to receive both religious and worldly education from the various institutions of education and guidance, including the family, the school, the university, the media, etc., and in such an integrated and balanced manner as to develop his personality, strengthen his faith in God and promote his respect for and defense of both rights and obligations.
  20. Islam is the religion of unspoiled nature. It is prohibited to exercise any form of compulsion on man or to exploit his poverty or ignorance in order to convert him to another religion or to atheism.
  21. Human beings are born free, and no one has the right to enslave, humiliate, oppress or exploit them, and there I can be no subjugation but to God the Most-High.
  22. The colonialism of all types being one of the most. evil forms of enslavement are totally prohibited. Peoples suffering from colonialism have the full right to freedom and self-determination. It is the duty of all States and peoples to support the struggle of colonized peoples for the liquidation of all forms of colonialism and occupation, and all States and peoples have the right to preserve their independent identity and exercise control over their wealth and natural resources.
  23. Every man shall have the right, within the framework of Shari’ah, to free movement and to select his place of residence whether inside or outside his country and, if persecuted, is entitled to seek asylum in another country. The country of refuge shall ensure his protection until he reaches safety unless asylum is motivated by an act which Shari’ah regards as a crime.
  24. Work is a right guaranteed by the State and Society for each person able to work. Everyone shall be free to choose the work that suits him best and which serves his interests and those of society. The employee shall have the right to safety and security as well as to all other social guarantees. He may neither be assigned work beyond his capacity nor be subjected to compulsion or exploited or harmed in any way. He shall be entitled – without any discrimination between males and females – to fair wages for his work without delay, as well as to the holiday’s allowances··and promotions which he deserves. For his part, he shall be required to be dedicated and meticulous in his work. Should. workers and employers disagree on any matter, the State shall intervene to settle the dispute and have the grievances redressed, the rights confirmed and justice enforced without bias.
  25. Everyone shall have the right to legitimate gains without monopolization, deceit, or harm to oneself or to others. Usury (riba) is absolutely prohibited.
  26. Everyone shall have the right to own property acquired in a legitimate way, and shall be entitled to the rights of ownership, without prejudice to oneself, others, or to society in general. Expropriation is not permissible except for the requirements of public interest and upon payment of immediate and fair compensation.
  27. Confiscation and seizure of property are prohibited except for a necessity dictated by law.
  28. Everyone shall have the right to enjoy the fruits of his scientific, literary, artistic, or technical production and the right to protect the moral and material interests stemming therefrom, provided that such production is not contrary to the principles of Shariah.
  29. Everyone shall have the right to live in a clean environment, away from vice and moral corruption, an environment that would foster his self-development; and it is incumbent upon the State and society in general to afford that right.
  30. Everyone shall have the right to medical and social care, and to all public. amenities provided by society and the State within the limits of their available resources.
  31. The State shall ensure the right of the individual to a decent living which will enable him to meet all his requirements and those of his dependents, including food, clothing, housing, education, medical care, and all other basic needs.
  32. Everyone shall have the right to live in security for himself, his religion, his dependents, his honor, and his property.
  33. Everyone shall have the right to privacy in the conduct of his private affairs, in his home, among his family, with regard to his property and his relationships. It is not permitted to spy on him, to place him under surveillance, or to besmirch his good name. The State shall protect him from arbitrary interference.
  34. A private residence is inviolable in all cases. It will not be entered without permission from its inhabitants or in any unlawful manner, nor shall it be demolished or confiscated and its dwellers evicted.
  35. All individuals are equal before the law, without distinction between the ruler and the ruled.
  36. The right to resort to justice is guaranteed to everyone.
  37. Liability is in essence personal.
  38. There shall be no crime or punishment except as provided for in the Shariah.
  39. A defendant is innocent until his guilt is proven in a fair trial in which he shall be given all the guarantees of defense.
  40. It is not permitted without legitimate reason to arrest an individual, or restrict his freedom, to exile or to punish him. It is not permitted to subject him to physical or psychological torture or to any form of humiliation, cruelty, or indignity. Nor is it permitted to subject an individual to medical or scientific experimentation without his consent or at the risk of his health or of his life. Nor is it permitted to promulgate emergency laws that would provide executive authority for such actions.
  41. Taking hostages under any form or for any purpose is expressly forbidden.
  42. Everyone shall have the right to express his opinion freely in such a manner as would not be contrary to the principles of the Shariah.
  43. Everyone shall have the right to advocate what is right, and propagate what is good, and warn against what is wrong and evil according to the norms of Islamic Shari’ah.
  44. Information is a vital necessity to society. It may not be exploited or misused in such a way as may violate sanctities and the dignity of Prophets, undermine moral and ethical values, or disintegrate, corrupt, or harm society or weaken its faith.
  45. It is not permitted to arouse nationalistic or doctrinal hatred or to do anything that may be an incitement to any form of racial discrimination.
  46. Authority is a trust; and abuse or malicious exploitation thereof is absolutely prohibited, so that fundamental human r1ghts may be guaranteed.
  47. Everyone shall have the right to participate, directly or indirectly in the administration of his country’s public affairs. He shall also have the right to assume public office in accordance with the provisions of Shariah.

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